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The Tesla Model S is a full-size all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla Motors, and introduced in June 2012.[10] It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSAautomobile safety rating, as well as being the "third fastest accelerating production car ever produced," and the fastest accelerating car currently in production.[11] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2012 Model S Performance model equipped with an 85 kWh (310 MJ) battery pack is 265 miles (426 km), higher than any other electric car at the time.[12][13][14] EPA rates its energy consumption at 237.5 watt-hours per kilometer (38 kWh/100 mi or 24 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 89 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (2.64 L/100 km or 107 mpg-imp).[12][15]
The Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly new car sales ranking in any country, twice leading in Norway, in September and again in December 2013;[16][17][18][19] and also in Denmark in December 2015.[20] Global Model S sales passed the 100,000 unit milestone in December 2015,[21] and almost 145,500 units have been sold worldwide as of September 2016.[22][23]
The Model S ranked as the world's best selling plug-in electric vehicle in 2015, up from second best in 2014,[24][25] and continued to lead global plug-in car sales during the first nine months of 2016.[26] The Model S also ranked as the top selling plug-in electric car in the U.S. in 2015.[27][28] As of December 2015, the leading markets were the United States with a 60% share of global sales and Norway with 9.4%. Other leading country markets are China, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland.[24] As of June 2016, the Model S ranked as the world's second best selling plug-in electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf.[29]
The Tesla Model S won awards including the 2013 World Green Car of the Year, 2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year, Automobile magazine's 2013 Car of the Year, Time Magazine Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012 award and Consumer Reportstop-scoring car in its road testing. In 2015, Car and Driver named the Model S the Car of the Century.[30] After declining to recommend the Model S in 2015 due to reliability issues, one year later Consumer Reports added the car to the magazine's recommended list.[31][32]
In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S, which now looks more like the Model X. The 60, 60D, 70, 70D, 75, 75D and 90D versions are available. 70 and 70D Model S owners have the option to unlock the 75 kWh capacity via a software update, adding up to 19 miles (31 km) per charge.[33] The 60 and 60D, reintroduced in June 2016, owners have a US$9,000 anytime option to unlock the full 75 kWh capacity via a software update.[34] In August 2016, Tesla introduced the P100D to be the new top-level model. The P100D model has a 100kWh battery, a 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 2.5 seconds and over 300 miles (485 km) of EPA rated range.[35]
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